Nevertheless, so as to course of action the crystal is quite Superior manufacturing procedures are expected. Because the dawn of the crystal, focusing on this problem, we at the moment are the sole enterprise in the world which can be processed in this crystal.
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The typical electrical power with the NIR laser however has the prospective for being improved to tens of watts which include 70 W [26] Should the double-move configuration could possibly be utilized with the Yb:YAG SCF amplifier phase. Therefore, Should the conversion effectiveness of 31% from NIR to DUV could possibly be still taken care of at this bigger electrical power affliction, the standard output electric power in the DUV laser at 258 nm can be over 20 W, which would be described as a impressive power degree for that DUV laser and cause the unanticipated DUV laser machining benefits. Moreover, for high-electrical power DUV laser, the UV problems with the nonlinear crystal, such as the Home windows for CLBO crystal along with the mirrors, is another important parameter for long term and secure Procedure.
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On the opposite aspect, the ability scaling in the NIR laser is another aspect to enhance the normal electrical power in the 193-nm DUV laser. A result of the insufficient the high-electric power amplification Remedy of your NIR laser (by way of example at 1553 nm), nonlinear frequency processes for example optical parameter oscillation (OPO) might be placed on build a wavelength converter by shifting the wavelength from 1 μm to the specified wavelength and obtaining relative bigger electric power [21]. Lately, a diamond Raman laser confirmed its ability in attaining a superior energy and also a high conversion efficiency with the 1st Stokes with the one-μm laser [22,23], which means the likelihood being used from the 193-nm DUV laser technology thanks to its superior Raman get and huge frequency shift.
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In the scientific and industrial applications, the beam high quality of the DUV laser can also be an essential parameter. Especially, the beam quality of your DUV laser radically affects the laser machining results. The beam high-quality on the DUV laser is determined by that of the elemental laser plus the crystal to the frequency conversion. Lately, a high-electric power DUV laser (>10 W) at 258 nm was claimed by using a beam quality of M2 < 1.five, which was generated by FHG of the Yb:YAG laser at 1030 nm utilizing the CLBO crystal [thirteen]. This laser would bring about a far better laser machining outcome when compared with the former DUV lasers with more substantial M2.
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Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB6O10 or CLBO) is the best non-linear crystal which generates ultraviolet harmonics in the Nd:YAG essential laser wavelength. In order to enhance the problems threshold, lower CLBO surface area roughness, by extremely-precision machining, is required. Since the CLBO crystal has uncomplicated hydroscopic response and micro scratches in machining, extremely-precise machining of your CLBO crystal is usually a tough specialized dilemma.
The beam profile shown in Figure 7b shown a very good beam good quality as one of the merits of Raman laser, which would be useful to deliver a 193-nm DUV laser with a high quality beam.
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The development of the 193-nm laser was demonstrated by levels of SFG. In an effort to scale the DUV laser power efficiently, a new notion of your 193-nm DUV laser generation is offered according to the diamond Raman laser.